ADHD is a complex condition, but its behaviours are sometimes rooted in alternate causes, leading to misdiagnosis. Understanding the broader context of ADHD-like symptoms—such as trauma, anxiety, sensory processing issues, or environmental stressors—can provide clarity and guide more effective support. Education is key to recognizing these behaviours and exploring the diverse factors that may influence them, ensuring individuals receive the care they truly need.
Developing a coherent and stable identity is a central task during adolescence. According to Erikson (1968), this period is characterized by a conflict between identity versus role confusion, in which young people begin to consolidate a sense of self by integrating personal values with those modeled by peers and society. However, this period is also a time when adolescents are particularly vulnerable to…
The ability to do things we don’t want to do often attributed to a construct called “discipline.” However, this framing obscures a more complex interplay of neurocognitive conditioning, environmental influence, and shifting cultural values. Increasingly, what is perceived as a lack of discipline may in fact reflect a neurological adaptation to novelty-saturated digital environments—particularly those designed to exploit dopaminergic reward pathways. The erosion…
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most increasingly diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorders in children ages 6 to 11. This recent increase has created concern among clinicians and researchers who must consider that potentially, ADHD may be over-diagnosed. It is becoming more broadly understood that traditional assessment tools based on DSM-5 criteria for example, have limitations. Accurate diagnosis necessitates a more holistic and multifaceted…
